Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) still causes serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Currently, there are multiple prevalent genotypes and serotypes of IBVs. It is imperative to develop a new diagnosis method that is fast, sensitive, specific, simple, and broad-spectrum. A monoclonal hybridoma cell, N2D5, against the IBV N protein was obtained after fusion of myeloma SP2/0 cells with spleen cells isolated from the immunized Balb/c mice. The N2D5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the previously prepared mouse polyclonal antibody against the IBV N protein were used to target IBV as a colloidal gold-mAb conjugate and a captured antibody, respectively, in order to develop an immunochromatographic strip. The optimal pH and minimum antibody concentration in the reaction system for colloidal gold-mAb N2D5 conjugation were pH 6.5 and 30 µg/mL, respectively. Common avian pathogens were tested to evaluate the specificity of the strip and no cross-reaction was observed. The sensitivity of the strip for detecting IBV was 10-1.4522 EID50/mL. The strip showed a broad-spectrum cross-reactive capacity for detecting IBV antigens, including multiple IBV genotypes in China and all of the seven serotypes of IBV that are currently prevalent in southern China. Additionally, the result can be observed within 2 min without any equipment. The throat and cloacal swab samples of chickens that were artificially infected with three IBV strains were tested using the developed strip and the qPCR method; the strip test demonstrated a high consistency in detecting IBV via qPCR gene detection. In conclusion, the immunochromatographic strip that was established is rapid, sensitive, specific, simple, practical, and broad-spectrum; additionally, it has the potential to serve as an on-site rapid detection method of IBV and can facilitate the surveillance and control of the disease, especially in resource-limited areas.

A meta-analysis of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disease, which is closely related to obesity. This study evaluated the efficacy of bariatric surgery on obesity complicated with PCOS through meta-analysis. PubMed, Cochrane, EMbase, and WOS databases were searched from 2012 to November 2022. Studies on the efficacy of bariatric surgery in the treatment of obesity combined with PCOS were included. Outcome indicators included menstrual abnormalities, BMI, free testosterone, hypertrichosis, and ovarian volume. Methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Finally, 9 studies were included, and the results of meta-analysis were as follows: After weight loss surgery, menstrual irregularity decreased (RR = -0.83, 95%CI:-1.00∼-0.65, P < 0.00001), and BMI decreased significantly (MD = -13.64, 95%CI:-16.29∼-10.99, P < 0.00001). Free testosterone levels decreased (MD = -22.70, 95 % CI: -36.07 âˆ¼ -9.34, P < 0.00001), the incidence of hypertrichosis decreased (RR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.45-0.88, p = 0.007 < 0.01), and the ovarian volume decreased (MD = -3.09, 5%CI: -5.76 âˆ¼ -0.42, P < 0.00001).

Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary.

Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma is a new class of rare subtypes of the female reproductive system. Its clinical symptoms are similar to other types of ovarian tumors. The diagnosis is based on pathological and immunohistochemical methods. The main treatment option is surgery combined with chemotherapy. Few cases have been reported at home and abroad. We reported a case of a 45-year-old woman with a cystic solid mass in the left adnexa. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the left ovary and mature cystic teratoma (partial infiltration of the small intestine). This case had no specific clinical symptoms. Immunohistochemical findings showed positive results of GATA3, TTF1, CD10, ER, and PR. Paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy were given after the operation. Currently, no specific criteria are available for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This article aims to improve the understanding of clinicians in this disease and create a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Weldable, Reprocessable, and Water-resistant Polybenzoxazine Vitrimer Crosslinked by Dynamic Imine Bonds.

Traditional polybenzoxazine thermosets cannot be reprocessed or recycled due to the permanent crosslinked networks. The dynamic exchangeable characteristics of imine bonds can impart the networks with reprocessabilities and recyclabilities. This study reported a weldable, reprocessable, and water-resistant polybenzoxazine vitrimer (C-ABZ) crosslinked by dynamic imine bonds. It was synthesized through a condensation reaction between an aldehyde-containing benzoxazine oligomer (O-ABZ) and 1,12-dodecanediamine. The resulting C-ABZ was able to be welded and reprocessed due to the dynamic exchange of imine bonds. The tensile strengths of the welded C-ABZ and the reprocessed C-ABZ after three cycles of hot-pressing were 76.7, 81.3, 70.8, and 58.1 Mpa, with corresponding tensile strength recovery ratios of 74.1 %, 78.6 %, 68.4 %, and 56.1 %, respectively. Furthermore, the polybenzoxazine backbone significantly improved the water resistance of the imine bonds. After immersing in water for 30 days at room temperature, the weight gain of C-ABZ was less than 1 % with corresponding tensile strength and tensile strength retention ratio of 59.5 Mpa and 57.5 %, respectively. Although the heat resistance of C-ABZ decreased slightly with increased hot-pressing cycles, a glass transition temperature (Tg, tanδ) of 150 °C was retained after the third hot-pressing. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the C-ABZ possesses excellent comprehensive performances.

Knockdown of NR4A1 alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used antitumor drug, but its clinical applicability is hampered by the unfortunate side effect of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). In our current study, we retrieved three high-throughput sequencing datasets related to DIC from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. We conducted differential analysis using R (DESeq2) to pinpoint differentially expressed genes (DEGs, and identified 11 genes that were consistently altered in both the control and DOX-treated groups. Notably, our Random Forest analysis of these three GEO datasets highlighted the significance of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) in the context of DIC. The DOX-induced mouse model and cell model were used for the in vivo and in vitro studies to reveal the role of NR4A1 in DIC. We found that silencing NR4A1 by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) contained shRNA in vivo alleviated the DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyocyte injury and fibrosis. Mechanistically, we found NR4A1 silencing was able to inhibit DOX-induced the cleavage of NLRP3, IL-1ß and GSDMD in vivo. Further in vitro studies have shown that inhibition of NR4A1 suppressed DOX-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress through the same molecular mechanism. We prove that NR4A1 plays a critical role in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inducing pyroptosis via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and it might be a promising therapeutic target for DIC.

Heart rate patterns of captive Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in their natural habitat at Wild Elephant Valley, Xishuangbanna of China.

There are few studies on the changes of heart rate of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), one of the largest tropical terrestrial mammals, with its self-factors and external environment. By measuring the heart rate of 35 Asian elephants, ranging in age from 4 months to 52 years, using a non-invasive electrocardiogram sensor in their natural habitat at Wild Elephant Valley, Xishuangbanna of China, we found factors that significantly influenced the HR were season, phase of the day, age, body weight, and the interaction between some of the above factors. We also observed that Asian elephants had lower resting heart rate in the morning of hot season than the cold and mild season, and the differences were significant, but the heart rate increased to similar levels in the afternoon regardless of the season. HR also decreased with age in all seasons and phases of the day. However, there was no significant effect of sex. This study reveals the adaptability of Asian elephant to tropical environment, and provides a basic reference for heart rate of Asian elephant under various natural conditions.

Contribution of Signaling Partner Association to Strigolactone Receptor Selectivity.

The parasitic plant witchweed, Striga hermonthica, results in agricultural losses of billions of dollars per year. It perceives its host via plant hormones called strigolactones, which act as germination stimulants for witchweed. Strigolactone signaling involves substrate binding to the strigolactone receptor, followed by substrate hydrolysis and a conformational change from an inactive, or open state, to an active, or closed state. In the active state, the receptor associates with a signaling partner, MAX2. Recently, it was shown that this MAX2 association process acts as a strong contributor to the uniquely high signaling activity observed in ShHTL7; however, it is unknown why ShHTL7 has enhanced MAX2 association affinity. Using an umbrella sampling molecular dynamics approach, we characterized the association processes of AtD14, ShHTL7, a mutant of ShHTL7, and ShHTL6 with MAX2 homologue OsD3. From these results, we show that ShHTL7 has an enhanced standard binding free energy of OsD3 compared to those of the other receptors. Additionally, our results suggest that the overall topology of the T2/T3 helix region is likely an important modulator of MAX2 binding. Thus, differences in MAX2 association, modulated by differences in the T2/T3 helix region, are a contributor to differences in signaling activity between different strigolactone receptors.

CircRNA Hsa_circ_0120175 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Tumorigenesis and Predicts a Poor Prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Circular RNA is a type of non-coding RNA that is commonly found in eukaryotic genomes. They play an essential role in the biological processes of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis involved in normal development and abnormal tumorigenesis. In this study, we examined whether that the circular RNA GENE hsa_circ_0120175 is substantially expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer, and then explored whether hsa_circ_0120175 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. METHODS: A total of 40 patients with ovarian cancer were included in this study, and tissue samples were collected from both ovarian cancer tissues and paracancer tissues. The levels of hsa_circ_0120175 expression were determined using qRT-PCR in both varian cancer cells and tissues. This study assessed the impact of hsa_circ_0120175 on cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion using various in vitro assays with cultured ovarian carcinoma cells. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0120175 was highly expressed in both human tissues and ovarian cancer cells. In ovarian cancer patients, the expression level of hsa_circ_0120175 was significantly different among The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages (p = 0.03), and the difference was statistically significant. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis was independently related to Overall Survival (OS), and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.033). In vitro, decreasing hsa_circ_0120175 significantly reduced ovarian carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hsa_circ_0120175 has the potential to serve as a biomarker for diagnosing and treating ovarian carcinoma. This is because it promotes cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

GPX3 is a key cholesterol-related gene associated with prognosis and tumor-infiltrating T cells in colorectal cancer.

High cholesterol is an important factor inducing colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aims to determine the key genes and regulatory mechanism associated with tumor-infiltrating T cells underlying cholesterol-induced CRC. Gene expression data and clinical data from CRCS in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were selected for differential expression and survival analysis. A total of 5,815 DEGs and 21 cholesterol-associated KEGG pathways were identified. Subsequently, 128 CRCs and 127 patients without obvious intestinal lesions were recruited to analyze the relationship between GPX3 expression, cholesterol levels, and pathologic condition. The results showed that the expression of cholesterol-related gene GPX3 was negatively associated with cholesterol level, but positively correlated with Ki-67 proliferation index in CRC. The expression of GPX3 was higher in CRC patients who were in poorly differentiated and advanced stage. In addition, a mice model of high-cholesterol diet intervention was constructed to detect the levels of cholesterol and GPX3 in the peripheral blood of mice, and it was found that the expression level of GPX3 in high-cholesterol mice was lower than that in normal diet mice. CD8+ T cells were isolated from the spleen of mice and the T cell surface receptors were detected. It was found that the expression of CD69 in CD8+ T cells of mice interfered with the high-cholesterol diet, while the expression of PD1, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 was increased. CD8+ T cells were co-cultured with MC38 cells to detect the proliferation rate of CRC cells. The results showed that the tumor cell proliferation ratio in the high cholesterol group was higher than that in the control group. Furthermore, GPX3 downstream genes associated with m6A modification and tumor-infiltrating T cells were screened, and a T cell immune-related ceRNA network was constructed. In total, 53 GPX3 downstream genes associated with m6A modification and tumor-infiltrating T cells were identified. A PPI network that contained 45 nodes and 85 interaction pairs was constructed. The ceRNA network, including 39 miRNA-target and 43 lncRNA-miRNA regulatory pairs, was constructed. In conclusion, GPX3 is a potential target for cholesterol regulation of T cell immunity in CRC.

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.

With the development and progress of society, people's average life expectancy has increased, and relevant literature reports that the number of postmenopausal women in China continues to increase. With lifespans extended, the transition period and post-menopause period have become the longest essential period in every woman's life. The life quality of women troubled by perimenopausal syndrome has been significantly reduced, which also places a burden on families and society. It is well known that hormone replacement therapy plays a vital role in improving women's menopause-related symptoms and is the most effective medical measure. With research ongoing into the treatment of menopausal symptoms in different patients, dose size, treatment duration, and medication regimens for hormones are still hot topics of discussion. This article reviews the definition, clinical diagnosis, staging, clinical manifestations, and treatment of menopause and explores the current diagnosis and treatment scenarios of perimenopausal syndrome.

Activity-guided isolation and identification of antiherpesvirus and antineuroinflammatory active terpenoids from Artemisia vulgaris L. based on the LC-MS/MS molecular network.

Seven undescribed terpenoids, comprising two guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactones (1-2), one eucalyptol-type sesquiterpene (3), one monolactone (4), and three triterpenoids (5-7), along with 35 known analogues, were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris L. Their structures and configurations were analysed by extensive spectroscopy. Compounds 1, 2, 8-10, 13, 17, 19, and 28 showed antineuroinflammatory activity, and compounds 1 and 2 revealed remarkable antineuroinflammatory effects, with an IC50 value of 2.2 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.1 µM, more potent than the positive control drug dexamethasone. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 could inhibit the expression of BV-2 inflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ß) induced by LPS, downregulate the critical inflammatory protein production of iNOS and COX-2. The anti-HSV-1 activity screening revealed that compounds 28, 29 and 38 exhibited inhibitory activity against HSV-1 proliferation. Particularly, compound 28 exhibited a significant anti-HSV-1 effect, inhibiting the proliferation of HSV-1 and acyclovir-resistant strains of HSV-1/153 and HSV-1/Blue. Our research identified compounds 1, 2, and 28 from A. vulgaris., which could potentially serve as lead compounds for antineuroinflammatory and anti-HSV-1 activities.

Zoonotic Hantaviridae with Global Public Health Significance.

Hantaviridae currently encompasses seven genera and 53 species. Multiple hantaviruses such as Hantaan virus, Seoul virus, Dobrava-Belgrade virus, Puumala virus, Andes virus, and Sin Nombre virus are highly pathogenic to humans. They cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HCPS/HPS) in many countries. Some hantaviruses infect wild or domestic animals without causing severe symptoms. Rodents, shrews, and bats are reservoirs of various mammalian hantaviruses. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in the study of hantaviruses including genomics, taxonomy, evolution, replication, transmission, pathogenicity, control, and patient treatment. Additionally, new hantaviruses infecting bats, rodents, shrews, amphibians, and fish have been identified. This review compiles these advancements to aid researchers and the public in better recognizing this zoonotic virus family with global public health significance.

A general urban spreading pattern of COVID-19 and its underlying mechanism.

Currently, the global situation of COVID-19 is aggravating, pressingly calling for efficient control and prevention measures. Understanding the spreading pattern of COVID-19 has been widely recognized as a vital step for implementing non-pharmaceutical measures. Previous studies explained the differences in contagion rates due to the urban socio-political measures, while fine-grained geographic urban spreading pattern still remains an open issue. Here, we fill this gap by leveraging the trajectory data of 197,808 smartphone users (including 17,808 anonymous confirmed cases) in nine cities in China. We find a general spreading pattern in all cities: the spatial distribution of confirmed cases follows a power-law-like model and the spreading centroid human mobility is time-invariant. Moreover, we reveal that long average traveling distance results in a high growth rate of spreading radius and wide spatial diffusion of confirmed cases in the fine-grained geographic model. With such insight, we adopt the Kendall model to simulate the urban spreading of COVID-19 which can well fit the real spreading process. Our results unveil the underlying mechanism behind the spatial-temporal urban evolution of COVID-19, and can be used to evaluate the performance of mobility restriction policies implemented by many governments and to estimate the evolving spreading situation of COVID-19.

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for deep infiltrating endometriosis based on retroperitoneal pelvic spaces anatomy: a retrospective study.

Transumbilical single-port laparoscopy is widely used in gynecological surgery. However, it is rarely used in the treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis due to its own shortcomings and the complex condition of deep infiltrating endometriosis. The study aims to introduce a transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery based on retroperitoneal pelvic spaces anatomy, which can complete the operation of deep infiltrating endometriosis more easily. A retrospective analysis of 63 patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis treated by transumbilical single-port laparoscopy using this method was conducted. The operation duration was 120.00 (85.00 ± 170.00) (35-405) min, the estimated blood loss was 68.41 ± 39.35 ml, the postoperative hospital stay was 5.00 (4.00-6.00) days, and the incidence of postoperative complications was 4.76% (3/63). 1 patient was found to have intestinal injury during operation, 1 patient had ureteral injury after operation, and 1 patient had postoperative pelvic infection, with a recurrence rate of 9.52%. The postoperative scar score was 3.00 (3.00-4.00) and the postoperative satisfaction score was 9.00 (8.00-10.00). In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery for deep infiltrating endometriosis based on retroperitoneal pelvic spaces anatomy. Hysterectomy, adenomyosis resection, etc. are also feasible with this method, boasting more obvious advantages. This method can make transumbilical single-port laparoscopy more widely used in deep infiltrating endometriosis.

UBE2M-mediated neddylation of TRIM21 regulates obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders.

Inflammation is closely associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, its origin during obesity is largely unknown. Here, we report that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2M (UBE2M) is critical to obesity-related inflammation induced by macrophages. In mice with UBE2M-deficient macrophages, obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet are greatly alleviated, an effect related to the decreased proinflammatory activity of macrophages due to reduced IL-1ß production. Mechanistically, UBE2M deficiency inhibits the neddylation of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 on K129/134, leading to reduced recruitment and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL. Subsequently, VHL reduces HIF-1α-induced IL-1ß production by degrading HIF-1α. Targeting macrophage TRIM21 with Trim21 antisense oligonucleotide-loaded red blood cell extracellular vesicles effectively inhibits obesity-induced inflammation and related metabolic disorders. Thus, our results demonstrate that macrophage UBE2M is essential for obesity-induced inflammation and that TRIM21 is a proof-of-concept target for treating obesity and associated metabolic diseases.

Effect of histidine covalent modification on strigolactone receptor activation and selectivity.

The parasitic weed Striga has led to billions of dollars' worth of agricultural productivity loss worldwide. Striga detects host plants using compounds of the strigolactone class of phytohormones. Early steps in the strigolactone signaling pathway involve substrate binding and hydrolysis followed by a conformational change to an "active" or "closed" state, after which it associates with a MAX2-family downstream signaling partner. The structures of the inactive and active states of strigolactone receptors are known through X-ray crystallography, and the transition pathway from the inactive to active state in apo receptors has previously been characterized using molecular dynamics simulations. However, it also has been suggested that a covalent butenolide modification of the receptor on the catalytic histidine through substrate hydrolysis promotes formation of the active state. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the presence of the covalent butenolide enhances activation in both AtD14, a receptor found in Arabidopsis, and ShHTL7, a receptor found in Striga, but the enhancement is ∼50 times greater in ShHTL7. We also show that several conserved interactions with the covalent butenolide modification promote transition to the active state in both AtD14 (non-parasite) and ShHTL7 (parasite). Finally, we demonstrate that the enhanced activation of ShHTL7 likely results from disruption of ShHTL7-specific histidine interactions that inhibited activation in the apo case. These results provide a possible explanation for difference in strigolactone sensitivity seen between different strigolactone-sensitive proteins and can be used to aid the design of selective modulators to control Striga parasites.